1
№ 1-3 (2023)
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./: (495) 500-40-20
E-mail: npptez@mail.ru
: www.npptez.ru
.
: eet-journal.ru
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2
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ № 1-3 (2023)
1.
-
[2]: «….
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110
// SWITCHING TWOSTAGE FILTER COMPENSATING INSTALLATION
AT THE SECTIONING STATION OF RAILWAYS TRACTION NETWORK
OF ALTERNATING CURRENT //
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Since the late 1970s, multifunctional
installations of transverse capacitive
compensation (CC) or lter-
compensating installations (FCI) in the
traction network at sectioning posts
have been included in the traction
power supply of alternating current of
Russian railways. In addition to main
task – reactive power compensation
(RPC) and reducing power losses –
they began to fulll the important
task of increasing the capacity of the
railway by increasing the voltage in
the traction network. At the same time,
the requirements for calculations and
structural implementation of CC at the
sectioning stations have expanded. Over
many years, eective technical solutions
have been added in the traction power
supply system with sectioning stations
and transverse capacitive compensation
installations, including switching
installation, which will be discussed in
this article. The peculiarity of switching
two-stage installation is that when
two stages are connected in series, the
CC power decreases, and the second
stage is turned o to increase the CC
power. The power calculation rules
and design features of switching lter-
compensating installation (FCI) are
considered.
Keywords: switching two-stage lter
compensating installation, reactive
power compensation, traction power
supply system, contact system of
sectioning station, numerical method for
solving dierential equations.
3
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ
№ 1-3 (2023)
tgφ = 0,5 [2]. , -
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ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
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5
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ
№ 1-3 (2023)
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И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ № 1-3 (2023)
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ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ
№ 1-3 (2023)
.
«»», 2021,
4..84-91.
8. RU 2 774 405 C1
22.0 2.2022.
-
( ., . .,
). : . 21 .06.20 22. . 18.
.
1937 . 1959
-
() -
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– ». -
«
-
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».
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« -
»
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-
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.
390 , 100
. 2 -
.
.
1939 . 1961
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« -
». --
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.
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».
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()
400 , 10
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1986 . 2008
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(). 18
, 1 , 7 -
.
.
1975 . 1998
-
.
, . 2011 -
«
-
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--
().
140 , 4
, 23
.
German Leonid.
Born in 1937. In 1959 he graduated
from the Moscow Institute of
Transport Engineers (MIIT) with a
degree in Railway Engineering –
Electromechanics. He defended his
doctoral dissertation on the topic
"Theory and practice of improving the
mode of the AC traction power supply
system with capacitive compensation
installations." Doctor of Technical
Sciences, Professor of the Department
of Engineering and Technology of
Railway Transport, branch of the
Samara State University of Railway
Transport in Nizhny Novgorod,
Corresponding Member of the Russian
Academy of Transport. Author of
more than 390 scientic papers,
100 inventions and patents. Has 2
government awards.
Serebryakov Alexander.
Born in 1939. In 1961 he graduated
from the Nizhny Novgorod State
Technical University. R. E. Alekseeva,
specialty "Electrication of industrial
enterprises and installations." Doctor
of technical sciences, professor. He
defended his doctoral dissertation
on the topic "Methods and tools for
diagnosing the insulation of electrical
machines and devices for their
protection." Corresponding member
of the Academy of Electrotechnical
Sciences of the Russian Federation. He
was awarded the badges "Honorary
Railway Worker" and "Best Inventor
of Railway Transport". Currently works
as a professor at the Department of
Electrication and Automation of the
Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and
Economic University (NGIEU). Author
of more than 400 scientic papers,
including 10 textbooks and teaching
aids for universities. He has more than
50 USSR copyright certicates and RF
patents for inventions.
Dulepov Dmitry.
Born in 1986. Graduated in 2008
Nizhny Novgorod State University of
Engineering and Economics. Candidate
of Technical Sciences, Associate
Professor. In 2013, he defended his
Ph.D. thesis on the topic “Improving
the eciency of lter-compensating
installations in an AC traction network”.
Currently he works as the head of
the department "Electrication and
Automation" of the Nizhny Novgorod
State University of Engineering and
Economics (NGIEU). Published 18
printed works, 1 monograph, received
7 patents for invention.
Osokin Vladimir.
Born in 1975. Graduated in 1998
Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural
Academy. Candidate of Technical
Sciences, Associate Professor. In 2011
he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the
topic "Improving the eciency of
electric water heaters by developing
a stand for testing them." Currently,
he works as an assistant professor at
the Department of Electrication and
Automation at the Nizhny Novgorod
State Engineering and Economic
University (NGIEU). Published 140
publications, 4 monographs, received
23 patents for inventions.
8
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ № 1-3 (2023)
// SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY FOR WIDE APPLICATION //
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. . . ,
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.
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SPICE-. -
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:
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.
The article provides results of
engineering design of small-sized
switching power supply on base SPICE
macros. Done computer imitation design
with represented time-diagram. Propose
a universal and eective schematic
design with minimal amount external
parts.
Keywords: switching power supply,
pulse width modulation, PWM-controller,
spice macros, imitation simulation.
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, TPS92210.
Texas Instruments.
-
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Texas Instruments
TPS92210 [3]. -
,
, -
-
,
-
, -
9
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ
№ 1-3 (2023)
-
.
-
-
TPS92210
1. – -
-
.
-
.
-
-
TPS92210. -
(Texas
Instruments) -
SPICE--
TPS92210.
, -
-
SPICE-
TPS92210
TINA-TI [4]. -
,
-
-
-
. SPICE-
TPS92210
-
1 − TPS92210
2 - SPICE- (2- ) TPS92210
10
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ № 1-3 (2023)
. -
SPICE-
(2- )
TPS92020 2.
TPS92210, -
,
-
,
:
- –
,
;
- – -
, -
TPS92210;
- – -
(« -
») -
.
-
SPICE- -
TPS92210 ,
,
-
.
3 -
SPICE- -
TPS92210
TINA-TI. -
-
-
TINA-TI.
-
-
,
, -
(),
()
, -
,
-
-
[5].
3 – TPS92210
4 – - TPS92210:
- (VF1); ( ) (VF2);
(VF3)
11
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ
№ 1-3 (2023)
4 -
.
,
, -
3.
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-,
- .
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:
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2. -
: 7;
3.
: 3,6 ;
4.
: ULED=73,6=25,2 .
TPS92210:
1.
: fSW=5÷250 ;
2. -
: ILED(AVE)=350 ;
3.
( 15 % 30 % -
ILED(AVE)): i=0,3 350=105 ;
4. :
80 %.
SPICE-
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1. .
A Z: .
. – .: «-», :. «-
-», 2008. – 256 ., .
2. . ., . .,
. ., . . -
//
-
, 2020, 3, .25-28.
3. .
TPS92210. . -
: www.ti.com/ TPS92210.
4. .
TINA-TI. .
: www.ti.com/tool/TINA-TI.
5. . ., . .,
. ., . . -
-
// XLVIII :
.
3- . . . -
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. . – : - .
-, 2020.– . 76–84.
1963 . 1985
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. . . ,
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– 37 .
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. . . 93 -
, 10 ( 4 -
).
1999 . 2021
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. . . ,
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– 1,5 .
. 24 -
, -
.
Suraikin Alexander Ivanovich
Was born in 1963. In 1985 he
graduated from the Mordovian State
University. N. P. Ogareva, majoring in
“Semiconductors and dielectrics”, In
1998 he defended his thesis on the topic
“VLSI video processor for television
signal receivers”, Work experience - 37
years. Currently, he works as a leading
design engineer at the Design Bureau
for the Development of Structures and
Products of the Orbita Design Bureau,
Associate Professor at the Department
of Electronics and Nanoelectronics
of the National Research Mordovian
State University named after A.I. N.
P. Ogaryova. Author of 93 scientic
papers, 10 patents (including 4
certicates of ocial registration of IC
topologies).
Suraikin Alexey Alexandrovich
Was born in 1999. In 2021, he
graduated from the Mordovian
State University. N. P. Ogaryova,
direction of training “Electronics
and Nanoelectronics”. Experience -
1.5 years. Currently working as an
engineer. Author of 24 scientic
articles, scholarship holder of the
Russian government.
12
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ № 1-3 (2023)
-
-
()
-
[1,2]. -
-
,
, -
-
,
-
, -
.
() -
,
, -
-
[3].
-
, -
: -
, -
( 1).
-
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: , ,
t, -
-
, -
t
Q
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,
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t' -
-
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t
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()
,
-
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// MODELING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE OF ACTUATORS
OF FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF MEDIUMSPEED DIESEL ENGINES //
.., ..., ,
()
«
»
.
-
-
-
, -
, -
.
«
».
-
, -
-
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: -
;
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;
The article considers a mathematical
model of the electromagnetic gate
drive of the internal combustion engine
fuel equipment together with a block
of power keys, which allows a detailed
analysis of the inuence of control
devices on the processes occurring
in the electromagnet. The previously
patented "half-bridge with regenerative
demagnetization" scheme was chosen
as a power key. The experiments carried
out showed a sucient coincidence of
experimental and computational studies
for engineering practice, which indicates
the correctness of the created model.
Keywords: electromagnetic actuator;
simulation of electromagnetic actuator;
power keys block; mathematical model of
an electromagnetic actuator; power key
t – ;
t' – ; t
– ; –
; t
– ;
t – .
1.
13
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ
№ 1-3 (2023)
«-
-
» ( 2) [4].
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F3
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14
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ № 1-3 (2023)
-
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2
2z
кнz
кнzz
s
пит
R
RR
RRi
dt
d
U
dt
d
+
+
+−
Ψ
−
=
Ψ
(2)
-
:
( )
.2
кнzzпит
s
RRi
dt
d
U
dt
d+−
Ψ
−=
Ψ
(3)
-
ic = 0, Uc = 0. (4)
SW3, SW4 : isw3 = isw4 = 0. (5)
:
.
1
dt
d
Wdt
d
я
Ψ
=
Φ
(6)
:
( )
∫
Φ
+Φ=Φ
t
t
я
яя
dt
dt
d
t
0
.
0
(7)
:
=2
. (8)
w –
, RΣ –
,
-
-
, : ,
, , -
.
-
, -
l S,
:
=
µµ
0
. (9)
, -
3.
DKH- ; DKB- ;
DC- ; DQ- ; LK- ; LC-
; LQ- ; DOC- ;
DOQ- ;DELK- ; DELK1-
; DELK2- ; DELPO-
–; DELH-
– .
4.
15
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ
№ 1-3 (2023)
-
RM, -
B
S -
-
. -
,
-
. -
()
6- ,
:
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
10
)( ВаВаВ
аВаВаВааВ ⋅+⋅+
⋅+⋅+⋅+⋅+=
µ
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
210
)( ВаВаВ
аВаВаВааВ ⋅
+⋅+⋅+⋅+⋅+⋅+=
µ
, (10)
0...6 – -
. -
-
:
))
1
1
(
5(1033
.3()( 3
−
−
⋅−⋅
⋅+⋅
=−
m
s
оо B
B
еxpВВ
µµ
))
1
1
(5(
1033
.3()( 3
−
−
⋅−⋅
⋅+⋅= −
m
s
оо B
B
еxpВВ
µµ
. (11)
-
,
-
δ:
=
2
2
0
(12)
i- Si -
-
GLUi,
:
,
102 7.
i
z
i
GLU
µ
τ
−
=
(13)
Σ
=
z
z
zR
L
τ
(14)
τZ – -
, Lz –
-
; RzΣ –
.
.
z
zL
iΨ
=
(15)
-
: Rz2 = (R||Rc).W2, (16)
R R = f4(li, Si, ρc) – -
, -
-
, -
(GLUi),
-
ρc.
-
:
2=
1
2
. (17)
Ls -
Lz
σ:
( )
σσ
16,0
0
−=
z
s
LL
, (18)
0,6 – -
.
iz1,
,
:
1=
. (19)
-
( 5) SW2
-
; SW1
.
-
VD3
ic = iz1.
-
:
.
1
)(
2
3
3
Z
дтKHVDZ
дтVDKHZzc
s
пит
R
RRRR
RRRRiU
dt
d
U
dt
d
+++
+
+++−−
Ψ
−
=
Ψ
(20)
-
:
).(
51дтVDКНZzcпит
s
RRRRi
dt
d
UU
dt
d+++
⋅−
Ψ
−−=
Ψ
).(
5
1дтVDКНZzcпит
s
RRRRi
dt
d
UU
dt
d+
++⋅−
Ψ
−−=
Ψ
(21)
:
С
i
dt
du
cc
=
(22)
:
( )
.
1
0
0dti
C
tuu
t
t
cc
c∫
+=
(23)
,
, -
, -
.
-
6. -
-
,
,
.
SW3 SW4
iSW3 = iSW4 = iZ1.
SW1 SW2 .
5.
6.
16
ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЕ
И ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЕ № 1-3 (2023)
, -
-
,
,
,
.
-
:
2
2
1
)2(
z
z
кн
zкнzC
R
R
R
RRi
dt
sd
U
dt
d
+⋅
+
+⋅⋅−
Ψ
−−
=
Ψ
. (24)
-
:
)
2(
1KHZz
R
Ri
dt
d
Uc
dt
s
d⋅
+⋅
−
Ψ
−−
=
Ψ
. (25)
-
,
, -
-
,
,
,
,
, , -
, -
, -
.
-
,
-
.
-
,
,
, -
-
12 %,
( 7).
. ., -
-
-
. :
,
1981.
.. -
-
-
. -
: -
, 2003.
.., .. «-
-
-
».
V -
-
« ,
: -
», 2018.
.., ., -
..
. -
2210680
8 1977 , .
. 1999 . -
() -
-
«
»
« -
».
. 2003
-
« -
-
-
-
».
(), 18 . , -
2009 . 30
.
Sergey Aleksandrovich Akhtyrsky
Was born on November 8, 1977,
Kolomna. In 1999, he graduated from
the Kolomna Institute (branch) of the
Federal State Autonomous Educational
Institution of Higher Education
"Moscow Polytechnic University"
with a degree in Management and
Informatics in Technical Systems.
Candidate of Technical Sciences. In
2003, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on
the topic "Improving the Speed and
Energy Eciency of Microelectronic
Control Systems for the Supply of Liquid
and Gaseous Fuel to the Cylinders
of Medium-Speed Diesel Engines".
Currently, he works at the Kolomna
Institute (branch), with 18 years of
experience. Associate Professor,
diploma from 2009. More than 30
publications in various journals.
7. Iz1 Xu:
) ; ) .
17
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ
№ 1-3 (2023)
// METHODOLOGY FOR PROCESSING BIG DATA FROM A MOBILE APPLICATION IN REALTIME //
..,
--
,
. --
-
, -
, -
. -
-
,
-
, -
.
-
-
.
-
-
Android.
Java IDE Android
Studio. -
.
, -
NoSQL -
,
key:value.
,
-
Python.
-
,
-
.
.
: -
, NoSQL, Google Firebase, Google
BigQuery, Java, Python, -
.
As technologies that collect and
analyze data increase, so does the
ability of businesses to analyze data
and extract new insights from it.
Companies use information gathering
for various purposes, including a better
understanding of day-to-day operations,
making better business decisions, and
learning about their customers.
In this article, the author talked about
his method of processing big data from
a mobile application in real-time. The
author has developed a new modern
mobile application for the Android
operating system. The mobile application
was written in the Java programming
language in the Android Studio IDE. This
mobile application was used to study the
eectiveness of this technique. A NoSQL
architecture table was used to store
big data, namely key:value storage. To
process big data, the author developed
new software that was written in the
Python programming language.
Today, an enterprise needs to develop
an infrastructure that will ensure the
scalability of big data. And also have quick
access to data for further processing and
identifying customer needs.Keywords:
microcircuit, active balancing devices,
storage batteries, electric power system,
algorithm.
Keywords: big data, NoSQL, Google
Firebase, Google BigQuery, Java, Python,
mobile application.
. -
-
-,
,
.
-
. -
,
, -
,
, -
.
-
[1-8].
-
[9-16].
, -
.
-
:
• . -
-
,
, -
, IP--
, cookie
(-
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).
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, -
,
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-
.
• . -
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, -
, .
• .
-
, -
.
18
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ № 1-3 (2023)
-
-
. -
,
-
. -
.
-
,
, -
-
.
:
• ;
• ;
• -
.
-
-
-
.
-
. -
NoSQL
.
-
,
NoSQL .
-
Firebase Google. Google
Firebase – ,
-.
-
, -
. –
, :
• -
( )
, -
;
•
-
-
;
•
, -
.
-
-
, ,
-
-
. -
.
. -
-
,
, -
,
,
.
-
.
, -
-
,
, -
-
,
,
-
. -
.
1 -
-
.
2 ,
“t3g.ru” -
.
User UID -
-
.
,
(
3–4).
. 1.
. 2.
. 3. . 4.
19
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ
№ 1-3 (2023)
-
-
. ,
. “” -
“ ”,
-
. 5 -
,
.
6
. -
NoSQL .
“users” -
UID .
-
“credit” “debit”, -
. 0
“close” -
, ,
1 , .
-
,
. 7-8
.
9-10
.
.
11 -
.
.
,
, -
. -
. -
,
.
. 5.
. 11.
. 6. . 7.
. 8. . 9.
. 10.
20
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ № 1-3 (2023)
.
-
Android
.
IDE
Android Studio -
Java. -
NoSQL key:value.
-
Google BigQuery. -
NoSQL -
Python.
, -
-
.
.
:
1. .. -
-
// -
. 2022. 5. . 101-109
2. .. -
-
/ .. , .. //
. 2022.
16. 9. . 3473-3486. DOI: 10.18334/
ce.16.9.116302
3. .. -
// -
-
,
. 2022. 3(29). . 104-110
4. .. -
-
/ .. , .. -
, .. // .
. 2022. 2(226).
. 249-259. DOI: 10.18522/2311-3103-
2022-2-249-259
5. .. -
" " /
.. , .. // -
-
XXI .
2022. 2. . 438-440
6. ..
-
android // -
. 2022. 18-15 (210). . 5-7
7. .. -
/ ..
, .. // .
2022. 4(64)
8. . -
// , -
. 2022. 3 (86).
. 39-40
9. .. -
/ .. , ..
, .. // -
. 2022. 2. . 126-132
10. ..
API Openweather /
.. , .. , ..
// ,
: :
-
- . -
--, 2022. C. 86-88
11. , . . -
-
, -
/ . . , .
. // :
-
: -
IV -
,
. 4-
, --, 12-16
2021 / : ..
(. .), ..
(. . .). – ---
: -- -
, 2021. – .
3. – . 163 – 165. DOI: 10.17084/978-5-
7765-1480-7-2021-163
12. .. -
-
/ .. , .. //
C -
. 2022. 35 (35). . 117-119.
DOI: 10.46548/CIT-2022-0035-0030
13. .. -
Apache Hive / .. -
, .. // , -
: -
:
- .
--, 2022. . 89-
91. DOI: 10.17084/978-5-7765-1502-6-
2022-89
14. ..
/ .. , ..
//
--
-
: -
I --
. --,
2021. . 257-260. DOI: 10.17084/978-5-
7765-1488-3-2021-257
15. ..
, -
/ .. ,
.. // ,
: :
-
- . -
--, 2022. . 15-17
16. ..
Map/Reduce
/ .. , .. -
// -
--
-
:
I --
.
--, 2021. . 260-
263. DOI: 10.17084/978-5-7765-1488-
3-2021-260
1997 . 2020
-
-
-
«--
»
«
». -
« »,
«». -
-
.
Vasilev Gordei Vladimirovich
Born in 1997. In 2020, he graduated
from the Federal State Budgetary
Educational Institution of Higher
Education Komsomolsk-on-Amur
State University with a degree in
Information Security of Automated
Systems. Currently, he works at HKF
Bank LLC, a postgraduate student of
FGBOU VO KnAGU. He has a Letter
of Appreciation from the Ministry of
Science and Higher Education of the
Russian Federation.
21
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ
№ 1-3 (2023)
// A METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE BASIC PARAMETERS
OF A HYBRID POWER PLANT FOR SPECIAL VEHICLES //
.., ...,
-
.
-
-
-
.
-
-
,
,
.
:
, ,
, -
, --
.
The theoretical substantiation of the
method for calculating the parameters
of a hybrid power unit for special
vehicles has been carried out, provided
that special equipment based on an
automobile chassis is provided. The
results of the conducted research allow
us to determine the power of the hybrid
power unit of the automobile chassis, the
power of the generator and the capacity
of the battery, as well as to select the
internal combustion engine of the hybrid
power unit of the automobile chassis.
Keywords: special vehicle, generator,
hybrid power unit, electric motor,
generator motor.
-
-
-
.
-
.
(,
-, -
, ..), -
-
()
-
(). -
,
, -
-
[1, 2, 3].
-
-
(,
) -
, -
. -
-
-
( )
. , -
-
[3, 4, 5].
[3],
-
, -
-
,
(-
, -,
, ..)
,
.
-
-
-25 -28,
- .
, ,
–
( ), -
. , -
-
-
[3].
[3],
-
, -
.
-
:
- ;
- ;
- -
;
-
-
(
).
, -
-
-
,
() -
(
)
[4, 5, 6].
[6], -
()
V1
V2 -
:
( )
2
1
2
2
2VV
m
Wсм
см −⋅
=∆
, (1)
m – , .
22
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ № 1-3 (2023)
, -
V1 > V2
W
< 0, (
) -
[5].
, -
(V1 = 0 /),
, -
(1) -
:
2
2
смсм
см
V
m
W⋅
=∆
, (2)
V – -
(V = –V1), /c.
-
-
.
(2)
[5].
-
-
,
-
() (-
-) 80 % -
.
(1) (2)
-
-
(-
).
, -
[4, 5].
-
[2] -
. -
,
-
-
.
, -
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
. -
,
, -
()
.
,
-
,
-
-
.
-
-
-
, .
-
-
-
- , ,
-
( ,
,
) -
.
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
,
-
, -
:
доппостгиб
NNN +=
, 3)
N – ,
-
V,
[2, 3, 5]:
⋅⋅⋅+⋅⋅⋅=
2
2
пост
x
см
тр
пост
пост
VF
C
fgm
V
N
ρ
η
⋅⋅⋅+⋅⋅⋅=
2
2
пост
x
см
тр
пост
пост
VF
C
fgm
V
N
ρ
η
, (4)
η – ;
– -
;
ρ – , /;
F – -
, ;
N – ,
.
-
-
:
4321 e
eeeразгдоп NNNNNN ++++=
4321 eeeeразгдоп NNNNNN ++++=
, (5)
N –
, .
N1 –
,
;
N2 –
-
, ;
N3 –
-
, ;
N4 –
-
,
-
[2].
,
(-,
-) -
, (3), -
:
ДВСпост
NN =
,
ЭДдоп
NN =
, (6)
N – , -
V, ;
23
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ
№ 1-3 (2023)
N – -
, .
-
(-) -
, --
,
-
, -
-
:
з
АКБСОГМ NNN +≥
−
, (7)
N – ,
,
;
N – ,
, .
:
АКБразАКБГМ
UINN ⋅=≥
−
, (8)
N – , ;
I – , ;
U – , .
(U I)
, -
- -
.
,
-
-,
-
t .
N(t). , -
- -
:
dtNE
пр
t
ЭДВ
ЭДВ ∫
=
0
, (9)
t – , .
:
АКБ
ЭДВ
раз U
N
I=
, (10)
:
tIЕ
разАКБ
⋅=
. 11)
(U)
--
. -
-
:
А
АКБ
А
U
U
n=
, (12)
U – -
, .
-
-
. -
( )
-
.
-
-
,
,
.
-
-
:
АКБАКБ
з
ЕI⋅= 5,0
. (13)
, -
-,
:
Г
М
ГМзГМ
ГМ
IU
N
−
−−
−
⋅
=
η
, (14)
U– – --
(U– ≈ 1,14 U), ;
I– – --
(I– = I),
η– – -.
-
- -
-
.
,
-
-
(6). --
,
-
(N = N)
(13) (14), :
АКБзСОгГМ
NNN +=
−
. (15)
-
(-)
-
-
[7].
-
-
-
-
-
[3, 4, 5]:
ДВСЭДВ
гибгиб
eNNNN +
==
. (16)
[2, 8], -
-
-
:
max
0
дин
e
гиб
e
гса
дин K
N
N
К≤=
. (17)
-
-
(17) :
0e
дин
гиб
e
N
KN ⋅=
(18)
(15), (16),
-
-
(--
)
, :
ЭДВгиб
ee
NNN −=
. (19)
(16) – (19) -
-
-
.
, -
-
,
-
.
-
-
-
-
.
24
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ № 1-3 (2023)
-
:
– -
-
,
;
– -
(-)
-
-
;
– -
.
:
1. .. -
-
-
/ .. . – :
, 2013. – . 17, 3 (56) – . 117
– 122.
2. -
-
/ .. , .. -
– : , 2015.– 213 .
3. -
: -
: ,
- ,
-
, , -
/ ..
, .. , ..
. – .: -, 2005. –
4. – 472 .
4.
-
. .. -
, .. , .. , /
.
– 6 (83), 2013.
5. .., .., -
.., ..,
.. . – -
, , 2008. – 327 .
6. . .
/ . . . .
– .: , 2002. – 384 .
7. 12139-84. -
. -
,
. – .: - ,
1985.– 6 .
8. . ., .
., . ., . . -
-
. //
. -
: -
. – .: ,
2018. – 8. – C. 5 – 12.
1985 . 2007
« -
--
()»
« -
(, -
)».
. 2011
-
«
-
-
--
». - 13
-
-
. -
«-
» .
40 4
.
Cheboksarov Alexey Nikolaevich
Was born in 1985. In 2007 he
graduated from the Siberian State
Automobile and Highway University
(SibADI) with a degree in Service of
transport and technological machines
and equipment (construction, road
and utility vehicles). Candidate
of Technical Sciences. In 2011 he
defended his Ph.D. thesis on the
topic “Improvement of technical
means for diagnosing engines of
power plants and hydraulic units of
road construction machines”. Work
experience - 13 years in the eld of
operation of transport-technological
machines and complexes. Currently,
he is an assistant professor at the
Department of Automobile Transport
at SibADI. Author of 40 scientic
papers and holder of 4 patents.
25
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ
№ 1-3 (2023)
// USE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT //
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Among the many breakthrough
technologies, the idea of using
alternative and renewable energy
sources in the eld of domestic and
foreign railway transport deserves
special attention, as an important
innovative, competitive, advanced
technological element. The author of the
article presents the results of the analysis
of the latest technological solutions and
the experience of their implementation
in the transport industry of the world
powers.
Keywords: renewable and
unconventional energy sources,
hydrogen fuel, batteries.
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26
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ № 1-3 (2023)
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27
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ
№ 1-3 (2023)
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ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ № 1-3 (2023)
Japan Railway Company,
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ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ И
ЭЛЕКТРООБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ
№ 1-3 (2023)
– «». 21/2020.
URL: https://www.usurt.ru/uploads/
main/08i/5e6f73277ad5d/21_2020
2.
. /.. , ..
, .. . .:
, 1985. 239 .
3. .–2020.–
1-.56-60 URL:https://zdmira.com/
news/stm-razrabatyvaet-silovuyu-
ustanovku-na tverdooksidnykh-
toplivnykh-elementakh.
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–.:, 1989.–272 .
5.
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2021. 4 (42).
6. Railway Gazette International. –
2019- 11. – . 28-31.
7. -
Alstom / URL: https://www.
alstom.com/solutions/rolling-stock/
coradia-ilinttm-worlds-1st-hydrogen-
powered-train.
1995 . 2016 .
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Arthur Edikovich Abrahamyan
Born in 1995. In 2016, he
graduated from RUT MIIT, master's
degree, specialty: 'Construction: Cost
Management and Development in
the Investment and Construction
Complex'–graduate student of the
Russian University of Transport, chief
specialist expert of the Oce of the
Federal Service for State Registration,
Cadastre and Cartography for the
Moscow Region. More than 10 years of
experience.
30
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
// IMPROVING THE METHOD OF TESTING
THE ONBOARD ELECTRICAL COMPLEX OF VEHICLES FOR NOISE IMMUNITY
TO ELECTROMAGNETIC INFLUENCES //
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The paper presents the main results
of the work on improving the method
of testing the on-board electrical
complex of cars for noise immunity to
electromagnetic inuences.
Keywords: passenger car; onboard
electrical complex; electromagnetic
compatibility.
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ISO.
1. Regulation No. 10. Uniform provisions
concerning the approval of vehicles with
regard to electromagnetic compatibility.
Addendum 9. Revision 6. UNITED NATIONS.
Geneva, 2017. 170 p.
2. Regulation No. 116. Anti-theft and
alarm systems. Addendum 115. Revision 6.
UNITED NATIONS. Geneva, 2019. 95 p.
3. ISO 11451-1. Road vehicles. Vehicle
test methods for electrical disturbances
from narrowband radiated electromagnetic
energy. Part 1: General principles and
Terminology. Third edition. Geneva, 2015.
25 p.
4. ISO 11451-2. Road vehicles. Vehicle
test methods for electrical disturbances
from narrowband radiated electromagnetic
energy. Part 2: O-vehicle radiation sources.
Third edition. Geneva, 2015. 25 p.
5. ISO 11451-3. Road vehicles. Vehicle
test methods for electrical disturbances
from narrowband radiated electromagnetic
energy. Part 3: On-board transmitter
. 14.
: 1 – «»;
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. 11.
: 1 – ; 2 – ;
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36
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
simulation. Third edition. Geneva,
2015. 54 p.
6. , ..
/ .. -
, .. , .. ,
.. , .. // .
2013. 12. . 19-23.
7. ISO 11451-4. Road vehicles.
Vehicle test methods for electrical
disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy. Part
4: Bulk current injection (BCI). Third
edition. Geneva, 2013. 8 p.
8. .., ..
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, 2015. – 424 .
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1982. – 165 .
1976 . 1999
-
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– 20 .
« -
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(-
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300 , 20 -
, 40
Scopus Web of Science.
1992 . 2015
«»
«». -
. 2019
«-
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-
«-
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-
. 17
, 10 , 2
.
1977 . 2000
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. 2012
-
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– 19 .
-
«». 100 -
, 23 .
Kozlovskiy Vladimir
Was born in 1976. In 1999
he graduated from the Togliatti
Polytechnic Institute with a degree
in «Electrical equipment for cars and
tractors». Doctor of technical sciences.
In 2010 he defended his doctoral
dissertation on the topic «Ensuring the
quality and reliability of the electrical
system of cars». Work experience is
20 years. At present he works as the
head of the «Department theoretical
and general electrical engineering»
of Samara State Technical University
(SamSTU). He is the author of 400
scientic works, of which more
than 300 are in the editions of the
Higher attestation commission,
20 monographs, 40 articles in the
international Scopus and Web of
Science databases.
Podgorny Aleksandr
Was born in 1992. In 2014 he
graduated from PVGUS Federal State
Budgetary Educational Institution of
Higher Education with a degree in
«Autoservice». Candidate of Technical
Science. In 2019 he defended his thesis
on «Improving the control system of
the on-board electrical complex of cars
for noise immunity to electromagnetic
inuences». Work experience is 5 years.
At present he works as a researcher at
the Department of «Theoretical and
General Electrical Engineering» of the
Samara State Technical University.
He is the author of 17 works, 10 of
which are in the editions of the Higher
Attestation Commission, 2 patents for
invention.
Nikolaev Pavel
Was born in 1977. In 2000 he
graduated from Samara State
Aerospace University majoring
in «Radio engineer». He is doctor
of technical sciences. In 2012 he
defended the dissertation, the theme
is «Provision of electromagnetic
compatibility of automobile ignition
systems». He has 19 years of work
experience. At present he works as
the head of the electromagnetic
compatibility bureau of PJSC AVTOVAZ.
He is author of 100 scientic works,
including 23 patents.
. 15.
37
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
// THE PROBLEM OF NOISE IMMUNITY
OF THE ONBOARD ELECTRICAL COMPLEX OF PASSENGER CARS DURING OPERATION //
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The article actualizes the problem of
noise immunity of the electrical complex
of modern passenger car designs during
operation.
Keywords: car, electrical complex,
electromagnetic compatibility, noise
immunity, operation.
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): 1 – ( ); 2 –
( R10-06)
41
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
34% -
, -
-
. -
,
- , -
-
.
- -
-
-
. -
,
, -
.
,
. -
, .. -
, -,
.
-
,
.
, -
3–5,
«».
, -
,
10
. , -
6
-
:
, -
120 9,5 – 30
9 30–100 ,
-
3 %.
-
. -
-
,
-
.
1. Regulation No. 10. Uniform
provisions concerning the approval of
vehicles with regard to electromagnetic
compatibility. Addendum 9. Revision 6.
UNITED NATIONS. Geneva, 2017. 170 p.
2. Regulation No. 116. Anti-theft
and alarm systems. Addendum 115.
Revision 6. UNITED NATIONS. Geneva,
2019. 95 p.
3. ISO 11451-1. Road vehicles.
Vehicle test methods for electrical
disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy. Part
1: General principles and Terminology.
Third edition. Geneva, 2015. 25 p.
4. ISO 11451-2. Road vehicles.
Vehicle test methods for electrical
disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy. Part
2: O-vehicle radiation sources. Third
edition. Geneva, 2015. 25 p.
5. ISO 11451-3. Road vehicles.
Vehicle test methods for electrical
disturbances from narrowband
radiated electromagnetic energy. Part
3: On-board transmitter simulation.
Third edition. Geneva, 2015. 54 p.
6. ISO 10605. Road vehicles. Test
methods for electrical disturbances
from electrostatic discharge. Second
edition. Geneva, 2008. 50 p.
7. CISPR 25. Vehicles, boats and
internal combustion engines – Radio
disturbance characteristics – Limits
and methods of measurement for
the protection of on-board receivers.
Fourth edition. Geneva, 2016. 156 p.
8. ISO 7637-2. Road vehicles
– Electrical disturbances from
conduction and coupling. Part 2:
Electrical transient conduction along
supply lines only. Third edition.
Geneva, 2011. 48 p.
9. ISO 16750-1. Road vehicles
– Environmental conditions and
testing for electrical and electronic
equipment. Part 1: General. Second
edition. Geneva, 2006. 20 p.
10. ISO 16750-2. Road vehicles
– Environmental conditions and
testing for electrical and electronic
equipment. Part 2: Electrical loads.
Fourth edition. Geneva, 2012. 28 p.
11. Product specication 36-
00-808. Resistance to electrical
disturbances and electromagnetic
compatibility instructions concerning
electrical, electronic and pyrotechnic
equipment. RENAULT. 2008. 124 p.
12. Procurement specication
9.90110. Automotive electric and
electronic devices. Fiat Group
Automobiles. 2007. 56 p.
13. Ott H.W. Electromagnetic
Compatibility Engineering. New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. 2009. 844 p.
14. .., ..
– .: -
, 2015. – 424 .
.
1976 . 1999
-
. 6. : 1 – ;
2 – -
42
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
« -
». 2010 -
«
-
». -
– 20 .
« -
»
(-
). 400 ,
300 , 20 -
, 40
Scopus Web of Science.
.
1992 . 2015
«»
«». -
. 2019
«-
-
-
». – 5 .
-
«-
»
-
. 17
, 10 , 2
.
.
1977 . 2000
-
«».
. 2012
-
« -
-
».
– 19 .
-
«». 100 -
, 23 .
.
1996 . 2014
-
«-
». 2018
–
«
». .
– 3,5 .
-
-
«
»
-
. 10 .
Kozlovskiy Vladimir.
Was born in 1976. In 1999
he graduated from the Togliatti
Polytechnic Institute with a degree
in «Electrical equipment for cars and
tractors». Doctor of technical sciences.
In 2010 he defended his doctoral
dissertation on the topic «Ensuring the
quality and reliability of the electrical
system of cars». Work experience is
20 years. At present he works as the
head of the «Department theoretical
and general electrical engineering»
of Samara State Technical University
(SamSTU). He is the author of 400
scientic works, of which more
than 300 are in the editions of the
Higher attestation commission,
20 monographs, 40 articles in the
international Scopus and Web of
Science databases.
Podgorny Aleksander.
Was born in 1992. In 2014 he
graduated from PVGUS Federal State
Budgetary Educational Institution of
Higher Education with a degree in
«Autoservice». Candidate of Technical
Science. In 2019 he defended his thesis
on «Improving the control system of
the on-board electrical complex of cars
for noise immunity to electromagnetic
inuences». Work experience is 5 years.
At present he works as a researcher at
the Department of «Theoretical and
General Electrical Engineering» of the
Samara State Technical University.
He is the author of 17 works, 10 of
which are in the editions of the Higher
Attestation Commission, 2 patents for
invention.
Nikolaev Pavel.
Was born in 1977. In 2000 he
graduated from Samara State
Aerospace University majoring
in «Radio engineer». He is doctor
of technical sciences. In 2012 he
defended the dissertation, the theme
is «Provision of electromagnetic
compatibility of automobile ignition
systems». He has 19 years of work
experience. At present he works as
the head of the electromagnetic
compatibility bureau of PJSC AVTOVAZ.
He is author of 100 scientic works,
including 23 patents.
Saksonov Alexander.
Born in 1996. In 2014 graduated
from the Togliatti State University
majoring in «Electric Power and
Electrical Engineering». In 2018
master’s degree from the Togliatti State
University majoring in «Electric Power
and Electrical Engineering». Post
graduate 3.5 years work experience
He is the junior researcher in the
research sector of the Department
of «Theoretical and General Electrical
Engineering», the Samara State
Technical University. He is the author
of the 10 scientic papers.
43
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
// A MODEL OF A CONTACT NETWORK SECTION FOR STUDYING
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION OF POWER SUPPLY POINTS ALARM
CIRCUITS AND RAILWAY CONTROL //
.., ..., .,
«
I»,
. -
.., ..., ,
«
I»,
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, -
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-
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.
,
, -
, -
-
.
-
. -
-
-
-
.
: , -
, , , ,
, -
, ,
, .
We show that the analysis of the
attenuation of thunderstorm waves during
the run from the place of the lightning
strike to the line support to the protected
object plays a role in determining the
number of dangerous thunderstorm
impacts. The processes occurring in this
case are nonlinear in nature due to the
consumption of wave energy by the pulse
corona on the line wires and losses in
the ground, as well as possible overlaps
of linear insulation during the wave run
along the line. When constructing a model
of a section of a contact network that has
been struck by lightning, the computer
programs designed to calculate electrical
circuits are used. The use of these programs
opens up new possibilities for analyzing
the occurrence and movement of waves
in lines during lightning discharges and
obtaining probabilistic estimates of
emerging lightning overvoltages. In this
paper we made an attempt to determine
the eectiveness of measures to improve
the reliability of lightning protection of
power supply points of alarm circuits and
railway control using computer simulation
of lightning overvoltages.
Keywords: model, lightning
protection, power point, lightning,
support, grounding resistance,
transformer, overvoltage, phase
isolation, protective arrester.
1.
-
-
10/0,25 ,
.
10 . -
-
-
10 .
10
-
.
, ,
, -
(R) -
20 [1].
-
-
, -
R.
-
,
, -
. -
44
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
10 ,
-
, 3–5 ,
-
100
. -
-
. -
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-
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.
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-
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-
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)
)
45
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
– -
1,2/50 . -
5
150 . -
-
400 .
10 -
,
, -
-
. -
( -
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-
.
, -
.
-
-
.
-
L
-
,
. -
,
U
-
:
U
в
= м×э
м+э
I
м
,
I – , R =
1/G – ,
R =
0,5 ??
в×??зи
0,5 ??в+??зи
–
-
, Z – -
, R –
.
I
.
-
.
- -
-
,
, I:
P(I) =
1
σ2π
lg
м
0
exp [(lgмlg мср)²1
2σ2] (lgм)
1
σ2π
lg
м
0
exp [(lgмlg мср)²1
2σ2] (lgм)
, (1)
lgI = 1,48 –
, σ = 0,27 – -
lgI
.
(1)
-
:
P(I) = exp (-0,03 × I +0,17). (2)
AI -
-
,
(1):
P(AI)=
1
σ
2π
lg(
м
)
0
exp [(lg
м
lg
мср
)²1
2σ
2
] (lg
м
)
1
σ2π
lg(
м)
0
exp [(lgмlg мср)²1
2σ
2] (lg м)
: lgAI = 1,1, σ = 0,255.
-
-
:
P(AI) = exp (-0,11 × AI + 0,72). (3)
(3),
,
AI
.
-
, -
,
-
-
: E =
24,6 × 10
5
×1 + 0,301 0,01 ×
,
r – ; q =
2πε0 rE; U = rE ln(2h⁄r), h – -
.
24,6 -
;
22 %
.
-
q(u)
:
q/q = u/U + 0,375 × (u/U – 1)5/3
u>U.
-
:
= dq/dt = C × [1 + 0,625 ×
(u/U – 1)2/3], (4)
C – -
.
-
I,
-
: P(I) = exp(-0,03
× I +0,17).
, -
-
, .
1,2 .
-
-
G,
(. 1,
1999 .).
-
L : L = 0,65×h
= 6×10-6 , h – -
.
20 . , –
-
,
,
. -
-
,
-:
Z = 507 ,
–
– .
, -
-
. 2.
1
, I, 10 20 40 80 100
-
G = 1/Z,
1/2000 1/1000 1/600 1/500 1/400
0,5 Z × R
0,5 Z + R
46
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
, -
l = 100 :
R = 0,12 , -
L = 178 ,
= 641 . -
,
-
,
.
,
-
.
,
, -
-
, -
[3].
,
.
-
U
, -
. [4] -
:
= × [1+0,625× (U/U – 1)]. (5)
-
-
.
(5)
:
= × [1,2 + 0,45 ×C (U/U–1) +
0,026×(U/U–1)2 ]. (6)
, -
(5) (6), ,
-
1,2 ≤ U/U ≤ 6.
. 3 RC
, -
. . 3
, -
-
( ).
. 2. )
, ) -
( ) .
)
)
. 3.
RC
. 4. ) , , )
) )
47
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
-
R 20 ,
L – 6 . -
– Z 507 .
-
Z = 400 .
. 4 -
, ,
,
-
(SU).
, -
,
, -
-
U = 50 . -
-
,
R – -
. -
= 1×10-9 [2].
3.
,
,
-
-
-
, [4].
. 2.
10
-
:
• : R =
1,176 /, L = 1,64×10-3 /,
= 6,99×10-9 /;
•
– -
– Z = 507 ,
– Z = 400 ;
•
500 ( -
80 ).
-
– 20 ;
• L = 6
( )
• , -
, -
R = 85 , -
L
= 0,126 ,
Z -
-
[4];
• -
( U ≥ 185 )
(), -
,
. -
-
,
1000 , :
Д
= 6,41×1,2 + 0,45 ×
1
185 1+ 0,026 ×
1
185 1
2
Д
= 6,41×1,2 + 0,45 ×
1
185 1+ 0,026 ×
1
185 1
2
.
h -
1 -
, 6,7 100
,
, -
[5]. 100
32 .
, -
,
l = 30 : n = 2×30×32/100
= 19,2 -
,
. -
10 ,
-
, .
4.
-
, ,
, -
.
, -
-
,
-
-
.
I, -
,
-
-
, -
.
-
P(I) -
-
,
-
,
2
U 10
r 6,9 × 10-3
-
h 10
-
h 8
l 30
l 100
T.. 40
-
U 185
-
-6 -
1,2/50
U.. 130
-
-10
U 50
48
ДИАГНОСТИКА И ИСПЫТАНИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
.
-
-
,
.
-
.
-
, -
.
-
-
.
-
,
-
,
. -
.
-
,
-
, -
,
-
.
-
I .
-
,
-
.
1. -
(-7).
,
8 2002 . 204.
2. , .., , ..,
, .., , .. -
-
. – .: -
, 1995. – 320 .
3. , .., , ..
. -
« -
». – : , 1981.
– . 6-25.
4. , ..
. – : -
, 2000. – 134 .
5. , .., ,
.., , .., , ..
. «-
». – .: -
, 1987. – 109 .
1958 .
. ..
« -
».
, , -.
, IEEE.
«
-
».
-
«
»
-
-
I ( ).
700 ,
312 .
Kim Konstantin Konstantinovich.
Born in 1958. Graduated from
the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute
named after. M.I. Kalinin with a degree
in engineering electrophysics. Doctor
of Technical Sciences, Professor,
Corresponding Member. AEN RF,
member of IEEE. He defended his
doctoral dissertation “Electrodynamics
and characteristics of electric propulsion
systems with superconducting
windings and magnetic suspension.”
Currently he works as the head of the
Department of Electrical Engineering
and Thermal Power Engineering at
the St. Petersburg State University
of Transport of Emperor Alexander I
(FSBEI HE PGUPS). Author of more than
700 scientic papers, including 312
invention patents.
1935. 1959 . -
-
. ..
«
». -
, . 1968.
« -
».
« -
» . 100 -
.
Mikhailov Yuri Alexandrovich
Born in 1935. In 1959 he
graduated from the Leningrad
Polytechnic Institute named after.
M.I. Kalinin, majoring in high voltage
engineering. Candidate of Technical
Sciences, Associate Professor. In 1968
defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic
“Study of internal overvoltage’s on
electrical equipment of high-voltage
substations.” Currently, he is an
associate professor at the Department
of Electrical Engineering and Thermal
Power Engineering at PGUPS. He has
over 100 published scientic works.
49
ВОПРОСЫ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ И ЭКОЛОГИИ
№ 1-3 (2023)
// ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY SAVING IN TECHNOLOGICAL INSTALLATIONS //
.., , ...,
I,
. -
,
-
. ,
-
-
, -
, -
.
-
-
,
-
.
: -
, ,
, ,
,
,
.
The article evaluates environmental
aspects, analyzing which the author
cites the main directions of reducing the
environmental intensity of production.
It is concluded that a comprehensive
solution to the problem of eliminating
the environmental consequences of the
use of energy resources is advisable by
combining all measures aimed at the
greening of technological installations.
At the same time, the use of energy
technologies is simultaneously aimed at
reducing the consumption of electric and
thermal energy, increasing the eciency
of production processes and reducing
their environmental intensity.
Keywords: technological installations,
energy saving, greening, environmental
intensity, secondary energy resources,
renewable energy sources, energy
eciency.
-
. -
– -
,
-
. -
, -
-
.
-
, -
, -
.
-
,
«
» , -
[1].
«» -
,
, , -
,
-
,
, -
.
-
– 50
.
-
, -
, -
.
, -
-
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.
, -
.
-
,
-
,
. -
, -
-
-
. ,
-
,
. , -
, -
-
. – -
50
ВОПРОСЫ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ И ЭКОЛОГИИ
№ 1-3 (2023)
[2, . 58-60].
-
-
-
-
.
,
,
. -
, -
-
. -
,
.
–
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. -
-
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,
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,
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.
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–
-
[3, . 94; 4].
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.
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:
1.
,
-
.
, -
-
,
,
, -
-
,
, -
.
2.
-
-
, -
,
.
3.
-
(), -
,
-
, -
-
,
,
-
-
. -
-
, -
,
, -
, -
,
.
4.
-
,
-
, .
-
. -
-
[2, .
58; 3, . 29, 82].
-
-
-
, -
-
,
,
.
:
-
,
, ,
. -
,
,
, -
-
,
, -
, -
,
[2, . 60; 5].
-
-
,
-
, -
. , -
-
,
, -
, ,
-
–
, -
51
ВОПРОСЫ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ И ЭКОЛОГИИ
№ 1-3 (2023)
.
,
-
-
,
,
, -
,
-
, ,
[3, .
19; 4].
1. -
. [ ]. –
: http://ecoportal.su/news.
php?id=94884/ ( :
30.01.2023).
2. ..
-
: --
, -
: / ..
;
. – : - -
,
2011. – 280 . .58-60
3. , .. -
-
: . / .. -
, .. , .. .
– : - , 2012. – 99 .
4.
. [-
]. – :
http://studbooks.net/1255980/
ekologiya/ekologicheskie_effekty_
energosberezheniya/ ( -
: 30.01.2023).
5.
[
]. – : https://
megalektsii.ru/s21798t9.html/ (
: 30.01.2023).
1967 . 2000
-
, -
,
. -
«
- -
».
(2006 .). ,
«
»
-
« -
-
I».
73 , 18 -
- 55 -
.
.
Ryzhova Elena Lvovna
Was born in 1967. In 2000, she
graduated from St. Petersburg State
University of Railway Transport with a
degree in automation, telemechanics
and communications in railway
transport. She defended her PhD thesis
on the topic «Creation of a computer
simulator-simulator for teaching safe
labor practices». (2006). Candidate of
Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of
the Department «Electrical Engineering
and Thermal Power Engineering» of the
Federal State Budgetary Educational
Institution of Higher Education
«Petersburg State University of Railways
of Emperor Alexander I». She is the
author of the 73 publications, including
18 educational and methodological and
55 scientic papers. He has the Gratitude
of the Minister of Transport of the
Russian Federation.
52
ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
№ 1-3 (2023)
:
«» -
-
-
,
. -
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,
-
. 2023
-
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: https://rostec.ru/
news/rostekh-razrabotal-novye-
antennye-sistemy-dlya-vodnogo-i-
zheleznodorozhnogo-transporta/
53
ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
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